How To Use The Trading Data
The "systems"
presented here use end-of-day data and hence for best results you should access
the data daily, after the close of the market so that you can prepare for the
next trading day.
In summary, each "system" uses a different combination of
trading rules and stock symbols. The system then trades those stocks according
to the rules and presents the results on a daily basis allowing anyone to
follow along and trade the same way the system is trading. The trading data
provides signals which tell you when you should place orders to buy/sell stock.
It also shows how the "system" acted upon those signals and the resulting
orders.
The Trading Data page allows you to access multiple
‘systems’. Select the system you are interested in from the menu. You can then
access information about that system from the sub-menus. The menu system for
each system has the same layout, providing the same information for each
system.
Here are the descriptions for each of the menu options
Overview Menu
This menu item provides access to an overview of the system
and the stocks that are monitored.
Dates
A couple of dates are shown:
1. The
date that the data was updated on. Remember that these systems are based on
end-of-day data. This means that the data accessed using the remaining menus is relevant after the market close on the date shown.
For example, if the update date is shown as 10th May 2005, then the
stock signal and order data has been generated after the market close on the 10th
May 2005 and includes data from the market on 10th May 2005. The
data should then be reviewed before the market opens the next trading day,
which in the case of the example would be 11th May 2005.
2. The
date that the system was started i.e. when we started monitoring the stocks for
signals. This shows how long the system has been active for. This may be
relevant when you also review the system performance.
Money Management
Management of the money within a system is very important to
its success. Money management is largely about sizing your stock positions in
order to optimize the usage of your capital and reduce the risk of trading. If
you place too much money on a trade that goes bad, you may never make up the
losses again.
Money management may be simple as:
- When
entering a new position, always spend $4000 or less.
- Place
a stop at 4% under the purchase price (for long positions)
Or it may be more complex like:
- When
entering a new position, create a position size where the "at-risk"
portion is always 2% or less of your total portfolio.
- Place
an initial stop at 2% under the initial purchase price (for long
positions).
- Review
the stop daily. Move it upwards as the "close price" of the stock
increases.
- Never
move the stop downwards.
Stocks in the System
The stocks that are included in each system are listed under
the "Stocks" menu item.
Each of the stocks listed is
- Monitored
for buy/sell signals
- Traded
under the appropriate conditions
In some situations the list of stocks may be subject to
change. If you are following a specific system and hold a position in a stock
that is removed from the system you will need to apply the systems rules to
exit the position manually. You should ensure that you maintain a stop to
prevent catastrophic losses.
System Rules
The rules of the system are only one part of the
requirements for success. Do not use the signals in isolation from the other
important facets of the system. The system description may or may not include
specific details on how the buy/sell signals are generated depending on how
"open" the system is. The system rules will include information on:
- How
to place orders once a signal has been generated. For example, a system
may rely on buy orders for long positions being placed the day following a
signal at 1% higher than the close price on the day the signal was
generated.
- How
and where to place stops
Signals Menu
The signals menu shows all of the signals that the system
has generated. A system generates signals to buy and sell stocks once they meet
the criteria defined by the system. For example, a simple system may generate a
buy signal when a stock rises 5% or more from the close price the previous day,
or it may generate a sell signal when the RSI indicator drops below 20.
Additional to just buy and sell signals, information is also
provided about ‘stops’. Stops are generally used to limit losses. The signal
data will include information on when to set stops and what price to set them
at. Sometimes, a ‘stop trigger’ will be shown. This is simply an indication
that a sell order should be placed because the stock has reached the stop
trigger level.
The signal data is arranged so that the latest data is always
easily accessible. Simply click on the ‘Latest’ menu option and you will be
presented with the signals that were generated for the date shown. If no
signals were generated on that date, then no signals will be shown.
All of the signals ever generated for the system are
available by navigating through the ‘History’ menu option. The data is broken
down into year and month, with all of the signals for a given month being shown
on a single page.
A typical signal page gives the following information about
each signal:
·
The date it was generated
·
The signal type e.g. Sell, Buy, Set Stop, Stop
Triggered
·
The stock symbol, including the stock exchange
·
A price, if this is relevant. Prices are shown
when you should set a stop. Some systems may also generate a price showing
where you should place your buy or sell order. If the price is blank you should
follow the system rules (outlined in the Overview section). The systems rules
should give some guidance as to the how and at what level your buy/sell orders
should be placed.
·
The quantity of stock that will be purchased in
order to follow the money management rules that the system is using. The money
management rules for any given system will be detailed in the Overview section
for that system. If you are using your own money management rules and are
simply using the information presented on the signal pages for timing
information, then you should ignore any quantities presented on this page.
Orders Menu
The orders menu shows all of the orders that have been placed
by system. Normally, a system generates signals to buy and sell stocks and
these would be executed the next trading day (assuming that the purchase
criteria have been met). For each signal generated, you should be able to find
the corresponding order that was executed due to the signal. For example:
·
On 10th May 2005, after the market is
closed, the data for that day is processed.
·
A buy signal for YHOO is generated. This signal
is shown on the ‘latest’ signals page. No specific price is listed but the
system rules state that buy prices should be placed before the market opens the
next day at the close price on the day that the signal was generated. For this
example we assume that the close price on 10th May 2005 is $34.
·
On the 11th May 2005, after the
market is closed, the data for that day is processed. For this example we
assume that the low price for this day was $33 and the high price was $35.
·
Since our order was placed at $34, it was
executed on 11th May 2005. This order is shown on the ‘latest’ orders
page.
·
If the price for YHOO on 11th May
2005 moved between $35 and $36, then our order would not have been executed.
Then, if the price for YHOO on 12th May 2005 moved between $33 and
$36, our order would have been executed on 12th May 2005. This would
show as a buy order on the ‘latest’ orders page after the market closed and the
system processing had been performed on the 12th May 2005.
The order data is arranged so that the latest data is always
easily accessible. Simply click on the ‘Latest’ menu option and you will be
presented with the orders that were generated for the date shown. If no orders
were generated on that date, then no orders will be shown.
All of the orders ever generated for the system are
available by navigating through the ‘History’ menu option. The data is broken
down into year and month, with all of the orders for a given month being shown
on a single page.
A typical order page gives the following information about
each order:
·
The date it was generated
·
The signal type e.g. Sell, Buy
·
The stock symbol, including the stock exchange
·
The price that the order was executed at.
·
The quantity of stock purchased. The quantity of
stock shown will be in accordance with the money management rules that the
system is using. The money management rules for any given system will be
detailed in the Overview section for that system. If you are using your own
money management rules and are simply using the information presented on the
signal pages for timing information, then you should ignore any quantities
presented on this page.
Portfolio Menu
The portfolio menu is broken down into two sub-menus:
Current Positions and Completed Trades.
Current Positions
This sub-menu shows all of the current stocks held. A
current position is where buy/sell orders of unequal quantities have been
executed and still result in you holding an interest in a given stock. Another
name for this page could be "Open Trades".
For long positions (where you make money from the stock
price increasing), a stock trade is started by initiating a buy order. Some
systems may add to the initial trade by purchasing more stock, normally only as
the stock price rises over time. These additions to an existing stock position
are counted as belonging to a single trade. Other systems may initiate multiple
positions for a single stock, each one being considered a separate trade. As
long as you hold any of a single stock, the position is considered "open" and
hence will be reported on this page. Some systems may initiate "profit-taking"
sell orders (eg where half the stock is sold once the
price has doubled) which may result in a reduction in the quantity of stock
held, but which still leave you with an interest in the stock.
The information provided on this page for each current
position includes:
·
The type of position taken i.e. Long or Short
·
The name of the stock, its symbol and exchange.
·
The date, quantity and price paid for each buy
or sell order
·
The current price of the stock
·
The percentage gain or loss that the trade would
have produced if the trade had been completed at the current stock price
·
The dollar gain or loss that the trade would
have produced if the trade had been completed at the current stock price
The simplest example of a current position is a single buy
order:
·
1070 shares of Caltex Australia
purchased.
·
These shares have not yet been sold and hence
result in you still retaining a position or interest in the stock.
Another example is:
·
462 shares of QBE Insurance (qbe.ax)
purchased on 26th Feb 2004 at $10.95.
·
The position was added to by purchasing 432 more
shares on 23rd April 2004 at $11.60.
·
As of 13th May 2005 the current price
of QBE Insurance is $14.66.
·
If the trade was completed (i.e. all the stock
sold) at this price, the gain would be 30.15% and the profit would be $3036.
Completed Trades
This sub-menu shows all of the completed stock trades. A
completed trade is a buy/sell pair with equal quantities for the buy and sell.
For long positions (where you make money from the stock
price increasing), a stock trade is started by initiating a buy order. Some
systems may add to the initial trade by purchasing more stock, normally only as
the stock price rises over time. These additions to an existing stock position
are counted as belonging to a single trade. Other systems may initiate multiple
positions for a single stock, each one being considered a separate trade. The
completion of the trade is marked by the selling of all of the stock purchased.
Often, all of the stock is sold in a single sell order, although
"profit-taking" sell orders (eg where half the stock
is sold once the price has doubled) may occur in some systems.
The information provided on this page for each completed
trade includes:
·
The type of position taken i.e. Long or Short
·
The name of the stock, its symbol and exchange.
·
The date, quantity and price paid for each buy
or sell order
·
The percentage gain or loss that the trade
produced
·
The dollar gain or loss that the trade produced
The simplest example of a completed trade is as single buy/sell
pair:
·
1070 shares of Caltex Australia (ctx.ax) purchased on 5th January 2004 at $4.68.
·
The shares were then sold on 3rd
November 2004 at $8.60.
·
This resulted in a gain of 84% and $4,194.
Another example of a completed trade is:
·
173 shares of CSL Limited (csl.ax)
purchased on 13th June 2000 at $28.00.
·
A further 166 shares purchased on 16th
June 2000 at $30.00.
·
All 339 (179 + 166) shares of CSL were sold on
21st September 2000 at $34.05 resulting in a gain of 17.5% and a
profit of $1719.
Performance Menu
This sub-menu is divided into two major sections.
Results by System
This table shows system as a whole has performed since its
start date. For some systems there may be more than one sub-system making
trades. Each sub-system will be shown separately. Information provided here
includes:
·
The name of the sub-system. Normally only one
sub-system would exist for each system.
·
The individual performances for each stock that
was traded, including the return per period (normally the annual return), the
gross return (since the system started) and the maximum draw down.
·
The number of gains made by the system
·
The number of losses made by the system
·
The average return per period (normally the
annual return)
·
The average return if a buy and hold approach
had been taken.
Results by Code
This table shows how each individual stock has performed
since its start date. For some systems there may be more than one sub-system
making trades. The returns for each sub-system will be shown separately.
Information provided here includes:
·
The name of the stock
·
The individual performances for each stock that
was traded, including the name of the sub-system (normally there would be only
one sub-system), the return per period (normally the
annual return), the gross return (since the system started) and the maximum
draw down.
·
The number of gains made on the stock
·
The number of losses made on the stock
·
The average return per period (normally the
annual return)
·
The average return if a buy and hold approach
had been taken.
The Buy and Hold Approach
A buy and hold approach represents a system where you always
buy (for long positions) stock and never sell it. In a rising market this may
be a higher performing system, since most other systems attempt to reduce risk
by cutting losses, which often also results in reducing gains. However, in a
falling or sideways market, a buy and hold approach is may be more likely to
result in bigger losses whilst other systems attempt to provide higher returns
overall.
If you do prefer a buy and hold approach, the signals
produced by a system become less important. You would only ever consider using
the signals that led you to enter a position as it may provide slightly better
timing than other methods.